Vol. 1 No. 12
October 3, 2005


I used my high school copy of Hamlet and the notes I took in class to assist me with this modern translation. Some Shakespeare scholars disagree on whether this soliloquy is actually about suicide, but I think the signs are pretty clear, especially in lines 92-95.

A soliloquy is not the same as a monologue, despite the fact that both are considered synonyms in the dictionary. A monologue is a speech delivered in the presence of others. A soliloquy is given and heard by only the speaker.

As a mental aide, recall that soliloquy is derived from the Latin words solus (alone) and loqui (speak).

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LITERARY GENIUS
There was never a better playwright in all of history than William Shakespeare, and for his contributions to the English language we can never fully repay him. Of all his plays, Hamlet stands out as one of the finest, not least because it includes the bard’s most well-known soliloquy. Accompanying the original text is a synopsis of what Hamlet is saying, as I understand it. After reading both, feel free to use your newfound mastery of Shakespearian prose to astonish your friends and supplicants at your next cocktail party.

FROM THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK
by William Shakespeare


Act 3, Scene 1
To be, or not to be: that is the question:   To live or to die, that is the question.
Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer 65 Is it nobler to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,   the pains of outrageous misfortune (to live
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,   miserably) or to end one’s sorrows with a single
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;   stroke (to commit suicide)? To die is to sleep,
No more; and by a sleep to say we end   and no more. And by sleeping we would end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks 70 the heartaches and countless pains that are an
That flesh is heir to, ‘tis a consummation   inescapable part of living. It is an end
Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;   devoutly to be wished for. To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub;   and perhaps to dream: ah, and there’s the
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come   difficulty: because we do not know what may
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, 75 come after death (mortal coil = body),
Must give us pause: there's the respect   we must pause and consider: it is this uncertainty
That makes calamity of so long life;   that makes us endure the troubles of life for so
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,   long. For who would bear the hardships of time,
The oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely,   the wrongs of others*, the insults of proud men**,
The pangs of despised love, the law’s delay, 80 the heartaches of unrequited love†, the tardiness
The insolence of office and the spurns   of the law, the insolence of those in office, and
That patient merit of the unworthy takes,   the scorn of those he has treated with unmerited
When he himself might his quietus make   patience, when he could cause his own death
With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,   with a mere knife? Who would bear these
To grunt and sweat under a weary life, 85 burdens, and grunt and sweat under a weary life,
But that the dread of something after death,   if there were no fear of the unknown after death,
The undiscover’d country from whose bourn   the undiscovered country from whose frontier
No traveler returns, puzzles the will   no one returns, which paralyzes the will
And makes us rather bear those ills we have   and makes us tolerate the difficulties we have
Than fly to others that we know not of? 90 instead of flying to others we know nothing
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;   about? Our knowledge of this uncertainty makes
And thus the native hue of resolution   us all cowards, and the thought of death grows
Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,   paler (less appealing) with thought.
And enterprises of great pitch and moment   And endeavors of great importance lose their
With this regard their currents turn awry, 95 appeal if thought of too much; doubts arise
And lose the name of action.-- Soft you now!   and the desire to take action is lost. But wait!
The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons   The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in your prayers
Be all my sins remember’d.   may my sins be remembered‡.

* a reference to Claudius ** a reference to Polonius
† a reference to Ophelia ‡ i.e., may you pray for me

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